Slovakia

Bollards: orange double reflectors front / single white back (rare blue/red); new rare wedge bollard ≈ Hungary's

Czechia: Ľ/Ô/Ä → Slovakia; Ř/Ě/Ů → Czechia.

Hungary: ő/ű + utca → Hungary.

Extra-wide B-type guardrails (only CZ+SK; SK occasionally uses others); wide round concrete poles often in pairs; short-bar poletops; upside-down-triangle supports (also DE/AL/RS/RO); upward-trident tops = CZ+SK; thick-base bolted lamp posts; wooden poles + white concrete supports commoner than in CZ

Czechia: Wooden poles + white supports lean Slovakia; sign borders on the edge → Slovakia.

Red-white striped temporary posts; chevrons white w/ red arrows (rarer red-on-yellow); stripy gas/water poles; hiking markers (colour strip between white); cycling signs with a C - unique to Slovakia (yellow-post directional versions)

The C cycling signs are Slovakia-only; the rest is shared with Czechia.

Czechia: 'C' cycling signs → Slovakia only; none of that comparison list applies to CZ.

Well-kept colourful prefab blocks (like CZ); diamond-tile roofs (also HU); window shutters much commoner than CZ (also HU); houses w/ short side to the road + hip-end roof (also HU); grey metal roofs → east

Gen3 tape antenna (also HU/RO/BG); Gen4 red or black car; Gen3 = much SPRING coverage (CZ: winter); black bridge-end signs w/ road number

Czechia: Spring Gen3 → Slovakia; winter Gen3, white Gen4 car or Gen2 → Czechia.

Slovak: Ľ Ô Ä Ŕ Ĺ (Czech: Ř Ě Ů); acute vowels in both; street = ulica

Landscape swings between very mountainous and completely flat (CZ = hillier but less mountainous)

SK-vs-CZ sign kit: blue directional signs w/ small white arrows (CZ: big filled arrows); borders on the sign edge (CZ: separated); street signs white w/ blue text + thin red border; house numbers white w/ red/black border; posts open or w/ grey/thin-black caps (CZ: thick black); ped signs 5 stripes - belted person (like DE) or condensed stripes; bold font (CZ thin); km markers w/ black middle line (CZ: yellow outline); railway-cross signs w/ white background (CZ: none); small signs often on double posts

Phone numbers start with 0 (CZ doesn't), area code = first 2-3 digits; 3-digit roads 500-560 + all 4-digit roads increase west → east

Tallest mountains central+north; western lowlands = horizon-to-horizon flat fields (rare in CZ!); eastern lowlands = flat w/ distant hills; two northern valleys between sharp ranges - direction to the nearest mountains separates them; pine forests → far west

Hungarian bilingual signs → south; Rusyn (Cyrillic, Ukrainian-like) town signs → NE Prešov region

Yellow circles w/ numbers on poles → Nitra + Trnava; yellow lamp posts w/ blue base → east (+Zvolen)

Bratislava = only major city on a big river; trams only Bratislava (red) + Košice (yellow-blue-white; same bus colours, red buses also Prešov); Žilina trolleybuses green-yellow-white + matching painted poles

Skalica = Czech-like red street signs w/ stylised font; Čičmany = dark wooden houses covered in white line art