Mongolia

Plates mostly white with a red Soyombo hint on the left

Mongolian Cyrillic with Ө Ү (not in Russian) + frequent double vowels (аа, өө, ээ); Latin & traditional Mongolian script occasionally

Russia: Ө Ү or double vowels → Mongolia, plus the pickup camera & steppe.

Kyrgyzstan: Ң or winter Gen3 silver car → Kyrgyzstan; double vowels → Mongolia.

Kazakhstan: Ә Қ Ғ Ұ І → Kazakhstan; white KZ pickup vs Mongolian truck w/ tent.

All coverage driven with a large pickup truck - often visible, with tent, red side mirrors, snorkel or roof racks

Other countries have pickup cameras - but the tent/snorkel/red-mirror truck combos in an empty steppe are unmistakably Mongolia.

Steppe biomes: empty grasslands/deserts with characteristic lack of trees; rugged/rocky/rolling hills, rivers & lakes

White bowling-pin bollards with two red stripes near the top

Russian-influenced infra: wooden poles w/ stone support blocks, white lamp posts, 3-stripe ped signs; ЗОГС stop sign is unique; each town has its own lamp-post design

The ЗОГС stop sign exists nowhere else; the rest of the infrastructure is shared post-Soviet style (Russia etc.) - use the stop sign or the camera truck to confirm.

Russia: 'ЗОГС' stop sign or Mongolia's snorkel/tent camera truck → Mongolia; anything else post-Soviet without those → check further.

Neighbourhoods separated by dirt alleys + wooden fences; white round yurts everywhere; large animal herds (horses/yaks/camels…); ovoos (decorated stone piles/shrines)

Coverage very limited - highways + big towns, densest around Ulaanbaatar (lots of hidden coverage exists); driving direction is usually away from Ulaanbaatar

Topography: flat east & south · rolling hills north · big mountains/rocky hills west

Fall coverage (orange trees/grass) only Lun↔Hatgal + some Ulaanbaatar; Bugant forest: narrow Russian-looking dirt trails w/ close trees + birches (trails not on the map); crop fields rare - Selenge & Töv near UB

By far the biggest city (~50% of the population): high-rises, chains, buses, pedestrians, clean roads; suburbs = vast yurt districts on hills

Highway metas

Gen3 car metas (split the country by the truck)

Gen4 car metas: UB = silver truck w/ ornate blue-white roof decal + snorkel/antenna; east = silver pickup w/ metal box + shovel (Bodi Group); west = silver pickup w/ big light-blue tent - strap variants: 1 knot = NW, knots both straps = SW, clumped lower strap = central-south (UB→Altai), 4 straps = central-north, open zipper = near Khorgo

Town spotlights (north/centre)

Town spotlights (east/south/west)

Landscape spotlights: far-west glacier peaks (tallest mountains; car w/ green/black bag over right racks); shrubs+patchy grass E of Uvs lake (Shaazgai similar but hillier); Khan Khokhii NP - densest forests, dark soil, grey tent; Gobi Gurvan Saikhan NP - bright orange dunes (Jeep follow car in the SW corner); Yolyn Am valley - extreme fog + dark soil; Khoridol Saridag river valley - rocky cliffs + pebble-covered ground

Night coverage in exactly 4 areas: NW of Murun, W of Dashbalbar, S of Baruun-Urt, E of Dariganga - always driving toward town; rainstorm coverage E of Khorgo (dark skies, raindrops on camera, sometimes a rainbow)