Germany

All car coverage = Gen4 (only some Gen2/3 trekkers + spill)

B&W bollards w/ white/light-grey reflectors (orange at intersections); often road-number plates + blue side attachments; a bollard roughly every 50 m

Luxembourg: Count the bolts; Luxembourgish/French signage → Luxembourg.

German: Ä Ö Ü ß

Switzerland: ß on signs → Germany/Austria; Alpine landscape + low-cam → Switzerland.

Austria: EINBAHN (vs Einbahnstraße), different town signs → Austria.

Liechtenstein: FL plates, tiny alpine country → Liechtenstein.

Belgium: Belgian plates (red text) → Belgium.

Italy: Italian co-signage → Italy.

Wooden poles w/ rectangular white sticker; many poletop styles: uneven hanging insulators, triangle tops, T-shaped tops

Black/dark-grey sign backs (rare in Europe) + sticker with a red upside-down triangle on black

Italy: Landscape + language decide.

Romania: Romanian diacritics → Romania.

Albania: Albanian + Gen4 red-strip plates → Albania.

Bus stops with the yellow-green H symbol (regional designs, like Austria); mailboxes bright yellow w/ Deutsche-Post horn logo

Yellow town-entry signs (black text, metal frame): town on top, municipality middle, county bottom

Km markers: blue w/ white border = Autobahn; white w/ black border = B/local roads; triangular markers on smaller roads (regional)

Pedestrian signs: 5 stripes + person with belt (same in Luxembourg); Einbahnstraße one-way signs unique (Austria writes EINBAHN); no-stopping signs w/ white arrows

The word Einbahnstraße is Germany-only (Austria uses EINBAHN); the belt pedestrian sign is shared with Luxembourg.

Austria: 'Einbahnstraße' (full word) → Germany; 'EINBAHN' → Austria.

Luxembourg: German text on nearby signs → Germany; French/Luxembourgish → Luxembourg.

Cars: green circular windshield sticker (number 4; rarely yellow 3 / red 2) bottom-right on nearly every car

Wind turbines far more common than in any other European country

Elevation: north(-west) very flat · centre hilly · far south big mountains (German Alps on the Austrian border); plains SE of Regensburg = flat farmland w/ slight ridge NE

Area codes grouped by first digit; postal codes counter-clockwise: 0 = Saxony → 9 = N-Bavaria/Thuringia; state flags & coats of arms (on unblurred plates); suffix meta: -ow/-itz = east (Slavic), -weiler/-ach = south

Guardrails: mostly B-type; A-type → northwest + Rhineland-Palatinate + parts of Bavaria

Bicycle signs: white w/ green letters; red letters → Hamburg/NRW/nearby Lower Saxony; Saarland = white text on dark green; sign backs (folded vs flat) + connector types (double/T-shaped) regionguess Germany

Vegetation: Baltic pines (orange trunks) → northeast; white-painted tree bottoms → northeast; vineyards → southwest (+few east); hop fields → north of Munich

Architecture: brick houses → northwest; thatched roofs + rock walls → North Frisian Islands, Schleswig-Holstein, MV resorts; black slate 'fish-scale' walls → central belt; Commie blocks → all of former East Germany

Rare white-black Gen4 EV car → Hamburg + around Frankfurt (same car: London, Ireland); Aldi split: Aldi Süd = south, Aldi Nord = north

Sorbian (Slavic) on signs near the Polish/Czech border

Bollard state metas

Road-marker state metas: Bavaria = white rectangles split in 3 (left = current road); Lower Saxony = simple rounded rectangles; Schleswig-Holstein + Lower Saxony = metal-bordered markers (LS: smaller post-comma digits); tree markers (tiny green) → Brandenburg & MV

Pole state metas: round concrete poles ≈ former East only; trident tops → Bavaria/Saxony-Anhalt/BW; triangle tops (CZ/SK-like) → west; thick-middle-bar tops → former East; curved-bar tops → Bavaria (rare)

Street-sign city metas: Berlin = white w/ grey border + number section (note the ß); Munich = blue w/ white decorative border + unique font; Stuttgart = black, borderless; Düsseldorf = black w/ white border + metal frame; Dortmund = blue w/ white border (small towns can imitate!)

City-state metas: bus stops - Berlin segmented w/ yellow post; Hamburg red post + hexagon route numbers (also outside HH); Bremen = name in red section; Bremerhaven = grey section variant. Bins - Berlin bright orange; Hamburg red w/ speech bubbles; Bremen green-grey w/ orange bubbles; Bremerhaven generic green. Cologne: yellow numbers on black plastic on lampposts

Saxony: half-timbered arch houses (Umgebindehäuser) in one region; Sylt: shrub-and-sand hills unique to the island + Frisian rock walls/thatch/brick

Coverage spotlights: low-cam around Singen/Swiss border; Gen3 black car in the safari park SE of Bielefeld (zebra-painted 4x4s; Europe-unique); rare Gen3 antenna car in central Hamburg