Canada

Speed signs say 'MAXIMUM' in km/h - numbers higher than US ones, readable from afar; 'MAXIMUM' fits one line ('SPEED LIMIT' takes two)

Usa: 'MAXIMUM' → Canada.

Signs less wordy than the US: railroad crossbucks & yield signs typically blank

Usa: Blank versions → Canada.

British spelling (centre, colour) + metric system

Usa: 'colour/centre' + km → Canada.

Diamond-shaped checkerboard T-intersection signs - the only country in the world with these

Usually single yellow centre line (double yellow decently common though)

Usa: Not 100% reliable - combine with other clues.

Fair amount of Gen2 (esp. rural/remote): big circular blur + halo-like sky distortion; Gen3 much more common than in the US, side-mirror blur = two peaks (US: single peak)

Usa: North American Gen2 → lean Canada; two-peak mirror → Canada.

Communal mailboxes (very rare in the US); Canada Post logo is red (USPS = blue)

Usa: Red post logo → Canada.

North America vs Europe tells (US + Canada): post mailboxes w/ flag; wooden poles + cylindrical metal transformers (never Europe); raised single insulator; short plates w/o blue strip; overhead stoplight bars; holed/U-profile signposts; tall water towers w/ town names; Gen4 smallcam w/ right mirror visible

Each province = own plate design (some readable blurred); several provinces don't require front plates (NB dropped them 2019 but older coverage still shows them; NL commercial vehicles keep front plates)

French majority in Québec + parts of New Brunswick; federal bilingualism → occasional bilingual signs anywhere (French communities also in NS/ON/MB)

Each province has its own highway shield; the green Trans-Canada shield appears in all 10 provinces; km markers vary by province - Ontario's have a unique white square at the bottom

Speed-sign variants: Ontario = black bottom section w/ 'km/h' or 'BEGINS'; BC = 'km/h' without black section; Québec sometimes French text

Pole & transformer metas:

Road-line metas: double yellow in the East → most common Nova Scotia, then QC/PEI (Ontario prefers single); SK sometimes has white dashes between the yellows; centre rumble strips → AB & BC

Cones & chevrons: Ontario = orange-black striped cones; Québec = orange-white cones + the only province w/ red-white chevrons (rest of Canada: yellow-black)

3-digit area codes by region (7-digit numbers omit them); provincial flags appear often (Québec's Fleurdelisé especially); Acadian flag (French tricolour + yellow star) → N/E New Brunswick + pockets of NS/PEI

Landscape regions:

Bollard: cylindrical black & white w/ 2 thin black bands - very common at intersections; band between can be yellow, rarely blue (Calgary) or green (Edmonton)

NWT uses the same shape with THICKER bands; BC's version is thinner with wider band spacing.

Rural roads numbered sequentially in a grid: Twp Rd = E-W (numbers rise northward), Rge Rd = N-S (rise westward, reset a few times) → near-exact location from one sign (similar naming rarely in SK); rare wire guardrails (posts + 3-4 metal wires) on major highways

Thin, slightly curved black-white bollard (esp. Vancouver Island); concrete barriers instead of guardrails; signs can have green backsides (also PEI); signs sometimes hung from unique posts

Bollards black & grey, usually w/ an orange stripe below the grey; wooden rectangular version further north; plain black-top version → MB & SK; green-white striped signpost sticker

Rural grid roads named by number + cardinal: 'Road 105N' = 105 miles north of the US border; E/W numbers count from the principal meridian just west of Winnipeg

Bollard cylindrical w/ 2 thick black bands (Alberta's are thinner)

Diamond roadside markers (colours vary); guardrails of cylindrical wooden posts + exactly 3 metal wires (some posts w/ white reflective band)

'Arrêt' stop signs = Québec only; 'Stop/Arrêt' bilingual → most commonly New Brunswick (NB street signs bilingual too); QC T-intersection signs lack the checkerboard pattern

Long thin white bollards attached to guardrails w/ red or green top reflector; yellow fire-hydrant markers on signposts (Québec City: blue rectangle; Trois-Rivières: small; beware Edmundston NB); rectangular roadside markers (rarely NB divided highways)

White triangles on signposts (count varies)

Rectangular lampheads (also NS); Nova Scotia lamp arms = short & curved; flat yellow bollards on the NB Trans-Canada Highway

Guardrail posts w/ pyramid-shaped tops; diamond markers next to fire hydrants; wooden sign boxes; octagonal wood-plank bins on driveways; T-intersection signs w/ a yellow rectangular border

Road spotlights:

Remote towns & trekkers: