Austria

Plates long white + EU strip (Italy: 2 strips & shorter; Switzerland: no strip)

White bollards w/ black top, dark-red or dark-grey reflector, often a nipple-shaped black cap (sometimes snow pole on top)

Slovenia: Bright red → Slovenia; dark red/grey → Austria.

Montenegro: Montenegrin environment + Cyrillic bits → Montenegro.

Germany: Black top → Austria.

Chevrons white-on-red or red-on-yellow (Germany: mostly red-on-white)

Round wooden poles most common

Mostly mountainous + forested; east/northeast flatter & agricultural

Alpine architecture: light walls, wooden balconies/top-floor panelling, dark overhanging wooden roofs (S-Germany similar)

German (Ä Ö Ü ß); camera meta separates the German trio: Austria = Gen3 and Gen4; Germany = only Gen4; Switzerland = always low-cam

Germany: Gen3 coverage → Austria (Germany has none); Einbahnstraße vs EINBAHN.

Switzerland: Low-cam → Switzerland.

Direction + town-entry signs: white w/ blue outline + unique font (Germany: yellow town signs); green facility-direction signs common

Pedestrian sign: two horizontal dashed lines instead of zebra stripes (all neighbours use stripes)

Belgium and Poland also use line-based designs - but within the Alpine neighbourhood this sign means Austria.

Belgium: Plain lines, no figure → Austria; added figure → Belgium.

Poland: Two lines → Austria; one line → Poland.

Signs sometimes mounted with 4 metal clips (unique in Central Europe); road markers blue w/ white numbers + one decimal comma (SI: white, DE: white outline); EINBAHN one-way signs (DE: Einbahnstraße); 'Anfang'/'Ende' on no-stopping signs; white upside-down-T dead-end signs

Bus stops: yellow-green H circle (only Germany similar)

Germany: Blue-outline town signs → Austria; yellow town signs → Germany.

Yellow natural-gas poles (snow-pole lookalikes) - unique to Austria

Gen4 smallcam coverage (like most of Western Europe)

Elevation = region: central+west most mountainous; 'flat' east still rolling; tallest sharpest peaks → the panhandle on the Italian border; vineyards only in the far east (Vienna + Lake Neusiedl)

A- and B-road numbers increase east → west (exception: B222-230 = Vienna); state flags + per-state bus companies (logo on the bus)

Tin-foil antenna → western Austria near the Swiss border (Austria-unique)

State metas: Vorarlberg = neon-yellow bus-stop poles + yellow-white pole stripes + white km markers (also one W-Salzburg road); Salzburg = white painted square next to km markers; Burgenland = green 'Güterweg' signs; Upper Austria = white Güterweg w/ black outline; Lower Austria = yellow-blue sign borders (state flag)

Vienna: dark-blue plaques w/ white serif font - leading number = district; Salzburg = unique font; Klagenfurt = irregular white border; St. Pölten = rounded white border; Vienna+Innsbruck poles w/ red-white flag tape (Vienna: thinner, usually two per pole)

Lake Constance on the western border - vast, unlike any mountain lake; Gen2 only on one Burgenland road + ski trekkers